Pengertian dan Contoh Hortatory Exposition Text

Kali ini kita membahas tentang pengertian Hortatory Exposition Text, general structure of Hortatory Exposition Text, features (kebahasaan) of Hortatory Exposition Text, dan contoh Hortatory Exposition Text.

Hortatory exposition adalah sebuah teks yang berupa upaya penulis untuk membuat pembaca melakukan sesuatu atau bertindak dengan cara tertentu. Tujuannya adalah untuk meyakinkan pembaca bahwa suatu peristiwa seharusnya atau tidak seharusnya terjadi.

General structure:

• Thesis, memperkenalkan persoalan yang dibahas.
• Arguments, alasan untuk pembahasan, yang mengarahkan ke recommendation
• Recommendation, pernyataan apakah suatu hal seharusnya atau tidak seharusnya terjadi.

Features (kebahasaan):

• Fokus pada umumnya manusia dan pelaku non-manusia
• Menggunakan abstract noun, seperti policy, advantage, dsb.
• Menggunakan action verb dan technical verb.
• Menggunakan mental processes, seperti I feel, I realize, dsb.
• Menggunaan material processes, seperti should be treated, dsb.
• Menggunakan modal verb, seperti we must preserve, dsb.
• Menggunakan evaluative words, seperti valuable, dsb.
• Menggunakan relational processes, seperti doesn’t seem to have been, dsb.
• Menggunakan passive voice dan simple present tense.

Contoh hortatory exposition:

Damaged Roads

The number of damaged roads linking Jakarta with West Java has certainly provoked complaints from locals and roads users. Take for an example, the roads in Bekasi and Tangerang, which have been the focus of the media.

The poor condition of these roads not only jeopardizes road safety, but also gives a squalid impression. Moreover, the condition will get worse when it rains. The roads are transformed into water pools or puddles, which can easily cause accidents if motorist are not careful.

No wonder if some people question why there are so many damaged roads and why repairs do not seem to last long. The government should pay special attention to these problems.

In my opinion, the roads should be repaired using the right sort of asphalt, stones, and sand. Repairs should be done carefully so that the roads can be prevented from constant damage. Otherwise, the repairs would be useless.

Contoh lainnya:

The Importance of Reading

I personally think that reading is a very important activity in our life. Why do I say so?

Firstly, by reading we can get a lot of knowledge about many things in the world such as Science, technology, sports, arts, culture, etc written in either books, magazine, newspaper, etc.

Secondly, by reading we can get a lot of news and information about something happening in any parts of the world which can we see directly.

Another reason, reading can give us pleasure too. When we are tired, we read books, novel, comic, newspaper or magazine on the entertainment column such as comedy, short story, quiz, etc. To make us relaxed.

The last, reading can also take us to other parts of the world. By reading a book about Irian Jaya we may feel we’re really sitting in the jungles not at home in our rooms.

From the facts above, it’s obvious that everyone needs to read to get knowledge, information and also entertainment. Or in summary we can say reading is truly important in our life.

Pengertian dan Contoh Spoof Text

Kali ini kita membahas tentang pengertian spoof text, general structure of spoof text, features (kebahasaan) of spoof text, dan contoh spoof text.

Spoof Text adalah sebuah teks yang menceritakan kisah yang benar-benar terjadi, namun pada akhir ceritanya “dibelokkan” sehingga menjadi cerita yang lucu. Tujuannya yaitu untuk menghibur dan menceritakan kisah yang sebenarnya namun lucu untuk membuat pembacanya tertawa.

General structure:

• Orientation, awal yang memperkenalkan cerita.
• Events, detil dari cerita tersebut.
• Twist, bagian lucu atau bagian yang tidak sesuai diprediksi dari cerita tersebut.

Features (Kebahasaan):

• Focus pada manusia, binatang, ataupun benda tertentu.
• Menggunakan action verb (material processes).
• Menggunakan saying verb.
• Menggunakan adverb of time and place.
• Menggunakan simple past tense.

Contoh Spoof Text :

A Bumpy Flight

“This is your captain speaking. We have had a failure in one of our engines. There is no cause for alarm as we still have three engines left. Unfortunately this means that we will be one hour late.”

A short time later captain again spoke to the passengers. “There is no cause alarm, but we have just lost another engine. We will now be two hours late.”

When the captain spoke to the passengers for the third time, he again had bad news. “Ladies and gentlemen, I assure you that we are in no danger, but I must inform you that we have had another engine failure. This means that we will now be three hours late.”

Finally, the captain announced that the fourth engine had failed. One of the passengers turned to another passenger and said, “Oh no, that means we’ll be four hours late!”

(Adapted from “English Elements 3”)

Pengertian dan Contoh Report Text

Kali ini kita membahas tentang report text, baik pengertian report text, general stucture of report text, features of report text, dan contoh dari report text.

Report text adalah sebuah teks yang memberikan informasi tentang sesuatu. Tujuannya adalah untuk mendeskripsikan “sesuatu” tersebut secara apa adanya. Teks ini biasanya membahas tentang peristiwa alam, hasil campur tangan manusia, dan fenomena sosial di lingkungan sekitar kita. Setiap kalimat yang ditulis dalam teks ini merupakan hasil dari observasi dan analisis yang bias dipercayai.

General structure of report:

1. General classification, membahas tentang hal yang ingin dijelaskan secara “umum”
2. Description, mendeskripsikan tentang benda yang dibahas dalam teks, seperti – jika benda hidup – tempat hidupnya, cara memperoleh makanan, dsb.

Features of report:

• Memperkenalkan benda secara umum.
• Menggunakan conditional logical connection, seperti when, so, dsb.
• Menggunakan simple present tense.
• No temporal sequence.
• Penggunaan personal pronoun dibatasi.
• Menggunakan linking verbs.
• Menggunakan beberapa action verbs, seperti climb, eat, dsb.
• Menggunakan adjective of quality, seperti delicate whitish, dsb.
• Biasanya dilengkapi dengan foto, diagram, peta, dsb.

Contoh Report Text:

Thanksgiving Day

Thanksgiving or Thanksgiving Day is a celebration of harvest, thankfulness for peace, and the attempt of Native Americans. It is celebrated in late autumn.  In the past, Thanksgiving was celebrated for their rich harvest in New England. In North America, however, it was originally held to thank God for their survival in the new land which was not easy for them. However, in Canada, it had been celebrated as in New England. Thanksgiving now is celebrated in United States of America and in Canada. Thanksgiving festivals are held every fourth Thursday of November in the U.S and on the second Monday of October in Canada. It is usually celebrated in four to five days in the North America and for three days in Canada.

It is celebrated through families and friends gathering to eat and give good luck. Turkey is the main dish in the thanksgiving dinner. Thanksgiving parades are also usually held.

In Thanksgiving homes are decorated with wreaths, fresh and dried flowers. Lamps are lighted to brighten the environment. Tables are decorated with best china and antique silver dishes to mark the occasion.

(Adapted from www.thanksgiving-day.org and www.wikipedia.org)

Pengertian dan Contoh Recount Text

Kali ini kita membahas tentang pengertian recount text, tipe recount text, general stucture if recount text, dan features (kebahasaan) of recount text.

Recount text adalah teks yang menceritakan kembali kejadian atau pengalaman masa lalu. Tujuan teks ini yaitu untuk menginformasikan, menghibbur atau menceritakan kembali kejadian masa lalu ada pembaca.

Tipe recount text:

• Personal recount, biasanya menceritakan kejadian yang penulis alami.
• Factual recount, rekam jejak sebuah peristiwa, contoh eksperimen ilmu sains.
• Imaginative recount, berisi tokoh imajinasi dan memberikan detil pada kejadian.

General structure of recount:

• Orientation, memberikan gambaran latar dan mengenalkan tokoh.
• Events, menceritakan apa yang terjadi, dengan berurutan.
• Re-orientation, penutup dari events (opsional).

Features (kebahasaan) of recount:

• Fokus pada tokoh utama, contoh I, my friend, dsb.
• Menggunakan chronological connection, contoh then, first, dsb.
• Menggunakan linking verb, contoh was, saw, heard, dsb.
• Menggunakan action verb, contoh look, go, change, dsb.
• Recount text mempunyai judul yang biasanya merangkum keseluruhan teks.
• Tokohnya spesifik atau dikenali.
• Detil dari events dipilih untuk membantu pembaca memahami aktivitas atau peristiwa (factual recount).
• Paragraf akhir mendeskripsikan akibat dari peristiwa yang diceritakan (factual recount).
• Detil dari waktu, tempat, dan peristiwa harus dijelaskan secara rinci (factual recount).
• Memasukkan pemikiran penulis/reaksi (imaginative recount)
• Menggunakan material process.
• Mendeskripsikan events.
• Menggunakan adverb dan kadang-kadang passive voice.
• Menggunakan simple past tense.

Contoh recount text:

My Friend Michelle

When I was in the first grade of Primary School, I had a friend, Michelle. She was the friendliest and the most intelligent student in the class. We soon became very close to each other because we had a lot of things in common.

Now, we are in the second year. We are not in the same class anymore, but we spend a lot of time together. We study together, do some assignments and hang out for fun.

Friends are as valuable as diamonds. We do realize it and promise that we will remain good friends as long as we live.

(Adapted with some changes from various sources)

Pengertian dan Contoh Anecdote

Kali ini kita membahas tentang pengertian, general structure, features (kebahasaan) dari Anecdote Text.

Anecdote adalah teks yang menceritakan kembali kisah lucu dan peristiwa yang tidak biasa baik itu berupa fakta atau sekedar imajinasi dari pembuat ceritanya. Tujuannya adalah untuk menghibur pembaca.

Anecdote is a text which retells funny and unusual incidents in fact or imagination. Its purpose is to entertain the readers.

General structure of anecdote:

• Abstract, menceritakan kembali tentang insiden yang tidak biasa
• Orientation, mengenalkan latar dan tokoh
• Crisis, memberikan detil tentang peristiwa yang diceritakan
• Incident, reaksi dari crisis
• Coda, evaluasi dari peristiwa yang diceritakan (tambahan)

Features of Anecdote (Kebahasaan):

• Menggunakan exclamation words, seperti it’s awful, that’s great, dsb.
• Menggunakan imperative, seperti listen to, dsb.
• Menggunakan rhetorical question.
• Menggunakan action verb.
• Menggunakan saying verb dan direct speeches.
• Menggunakan conjunction of time, seperti then, afterward, while, dsb.
• Menggunakan simple past tense.

Contoh Anecdote Text:

Scarecrow

I am from a big family. I have two aunts and one uncle whose houses are so far from mine. I am the oldest child and have three brothers and one sister. I make many friends and love them very much. Everyday, after school, as village children, we gather together in our village’s playing field. In there, we can play football, play kites, play the “go back through the door” game, marbles game, and some other village children’s games. We are very closed friends.

One day, Thinky, my cousin, said, “Hi friends, you know that my father is a clever farmer. He had created scarecrow that made the birds never approach our paddy-field anymore. They just watched it from three miles away. They didn’t dare to pick even a grain of rice,” he boasted. “That’s great,” said one of my friends. “That’s nothing,” said Pinky, a big talk friend, too. “My father had created a so big-talk created a so big-dark scarecrow that the birds returned all of rice they had picked some days ago.”

(Inspired by “Enriching Your Vocabulary through Anecdotes”)

Pengertian dan Contoh Analytical Exposition Text

Kali ini kita akan membahas tentang Pengertian, General Structure, Features of analytical exposition (Kebahasaan), dan Contoh Teks Analytical Exposition.

Analytical Exposition adalah jenis teks yang termasuk ke dalam jenis Argumentation Text dimana teks tersebut berisi tentang pemikiran terperinci penulis tentang sebuah penomena yang ada di sekitar. Fungsi sosial dari teks Analytical Exposition adalah untuk meyakinkan pembaca bahwa topik yang dihadirkan adalah topik yang penting untuk dibahas atau mendapat perhatian dengan cara pemberian argument-argument atau pendapat-pendapat yang mendukung main idea atau topik tersebut.

General structure :

• Thesis, mengenalkan topik dan ide pokok yang akan dibahas serta menguraikan argumen utama yang akan disajikan.
•  Arguments, menyatakan kembali argumen utama yang pada Thesis, serta mengembangkan dan mendukung argumen utama dengan memberikan argumen-argumen lain. Biasanya ditulis dalam bentuk poin-poin.
• Reiteration (conclusion), penutup dari teks yang berisi pengulangan ide pokok atau kesimpulan dari teks.

Features of analytical exposition (Kebahasaan) :

•  Menggunakan relational process, seperti don’t interfere, dsb.
• Menggunakan internal dan causal conjugation, seperti therefore, dsb.
• Menggunakan actions dan thinking verbs, seperti I believe, dsb.
• Menggunakan connectives, seperti firstly, secondly, dsb.
• Menggunakan passive voice dan simple present tense.

Contoh Analytical Exposition Text :

Hand-held Computer Games

My name is Thomas Park. I attend Seaview High School. I am firmly of the opinion that hand-held computer games should not be banned from schools.

Firstly, if they were banned, just imagine how many unhappy and lonely teenagers there would be. You can play with hand-held computer games at recess with your friends. Moreover, they can help you make new friends. So, the games encourage students to mix with one another.

Secondly, hand-held computer games don’t interfere with our schoolwork. Yes, occasionally students would get caught playing with them in class. However, if there are proper rules and punishments, this can be kept under control.

Lastly, these games develop our hand-eye coordination. They are quite and so are not distracting! Therefore, I can’t see why teachers would object to this!

My argument is conclusive: hand-held computers at school are harmless. Moreover, they are fun, help you make friends, can be controlled, and are good. Therefore, don’t ban hand-held computer games!